The Generation Of The Aging Process - 1433 Words

As the clock ticks the years roll by, seconds turn into minutes, minutes to hours and before you know it days turn to years. Everyday lived is a new experience, perhaps the older you are, the more you have experienced. Life is an ever changing aspect each individual encounters. As individuals grow older things start to diminish or things they once were able to do turn into the things they are no longer able to do. In order to become a successful therapist it is important to understand all aspects of the aging process and how each stage affects each individual differently. To further my knowledge of the aging process, I decided to focus on the elder cohort. I interviewed a unique individual with a very inspiring story of how the ever-changing lifecycle has affected her and her everyday life now. Doris was born in July of 1938, she had four siblings, two brothers and two sisters. The family of seven lived on a farm and grew up in a very poor environment. Doris’s father died when she was only eight years old, consequently, she was forced to play an adult role. Although she was devastated by the loss of her father, Doris learned to become a mentor to her younger siblings. Doris’s youngest brother whom she favored and confided in the most, was killed in a car accident at the young age of twenty-three. Losing her brother took a major toll in her early teenage life, but also helped make her who she is today. The pain of losing her brother turned her world upside downShow MoreRelatedThe Generation Of The Aging Process1184 Words   |  5 Pagesstart to diminish or things they once were able to do turn into things they are no longer able to do. In order to become a successful therapist it is important to understand all aspects of the aging process and how each stage effects each individual differently. To further my knowledge of the aging process, I decided to focus on the elder cohort. I interviewed a unique individual with a very inspiring s tory of how the ever-changing lifecycle has affected her and her everyday life now. DorisRead MoreThe Baby Boomer Generation Will Be The Trailblazers That Change The Attitudes Towards Aging879 Words   |  4 Pagesthe life expectancy is estimated to be 82.3 years of age, which means more people will enjoy a longer, healthier, and active lifestyle than ever before. The Baby Boomer generation will be the trailblazers that change the attitudes towards aging by remaining productive citizens in their communities and showing the younger generation that growing older does not mean that they are giving up the joys of living. In fact, many older adults will start enjoying life by having the time to do things that theyRead MoreCrtical thinking in Gerontonlogy, the Field of Aging Essay656 Words   |  3 PagesThe field of Gerontology, which is a study of aging and the aged, is slowing expanding as the overall age of the population increases. Gerontology and the aging field are very important aspects to study as it allows us to challenge ageism and the discriminatory social practices that soon follow after an individual reaches a certain age in life. There are numerous assumptions made about those who are no longer considered young, and society discriminates and take advantage of them, to further its ownRead MoreWelcome To The First Look At Intergenerosity. Our Mission1314 Words   |  6 Pages  Our mission is to connect the older and younger generations by spreading resources and wisdom.   We believe a world without ageism is possible, and desire to achieve this by empowering older adults and showing the younger generations all they have to offer.   Values such as community, respect, compassion, wisdom, and influence to name a few, embody our slogan: Empowering the Generations with Wisdom through Connections. The baby boomer generation adds a new sixty five year old every eight secondsRead MoreThe Importance Of Anti Skin Care Products1105 Words   |  5 Pagesanti aging skin care. Developments within this category were influenced by such factors as competition among the major brands, introduction of new technologies and new ingredients, as well as worldwide increase in demand for the so-called rejuvenating cosmetics. People have no intentions of putting up with aging. Today they are turning to alternative therapies and anti aging products; however, they will not spend money on products which do not produce the wished results. First anti aging skinRead MoreWhat Changes Older Adults Have Witnessed Over Their Life Span And How Those Changes Influence Their Experience781 Words   |  4 Pagesintellectual loss of memory and reasoning. 4) What does aging look like? Aging comes in many shapes and forms. It is important to note that the chronological number of the person does not represent aging, but by the life processes they have gone through. Aging is the change in interest, values, habits, skills, and coping skills. 5) Describe how transference to therapeutic relationship and art process could be impacted by the aging process. Aging is the way someone lives and functions. As someone agesRead MoreAging and Adulthood Paper1113 Words   |  5 PagesAging and Adulthood Paper Karl O Dell University of Phoenix CCMH/504 Dr. Ed Schroll May 13, 2013 Aging and Adulthood Paper Aging is an inevitability of life. With age man exchanges the physical prowess of youth for the wisdom that comes through experiencing the trials and triumphs of life. As an individual enters late adulthood, age 65 and older, they experience many physical, emotional and mental changes never previously encountered and which may require an adaptation of their earlierRead MoreEffects Of Aging On Our Popular Cultures, Tv Ads And Magazines927 Words   |  4 Pages1. Images of aging in our popular cultures, TV ads and magazines etc. show that aging is factor that is always unpreventable for all of us but we cannot prevent aging and everyone will convert into an old age person. Most of TV ads and magazines are about beauty and about maintenance of younger age such as ads about skin care creams, anti aging creams, anti-marks and anti wrinkle creams, perfumes, lip sticks etc. all are for younger people. We see very less commercials and ads of products which areRead MoreYouth Vs. Age : Agi ng Is Life816 Words   |  4 PagesYouth vs. Age: Aging is Life Youth, the thing everyone wants to hold onto, but wait, you can’t. Why do people consistently try to act and stay young when you aren’t able to? Age, live it and stop trying to be what you can’t. In the research of youth versus age it shows that aging is a part of life, social media portrays people as staying young, and living a normal joyful life to the fullest, which can provide a long healthy life without worrying about aging. There is a magnitude of influences thatRead MoreAging Workforce Challenges1057 Words   |  5 PagesAging Workforce Challenges Stacy P Durham Southern New Hampshire University Abstract There seems to be many key issues that come along with an aging workforce. Not only do companies and management have to worry about losing qualified workers as they come into retirement age, they are finding out that the pool of qualified workers is getting smaller. Also, many of the retirement eligible workers are staying in the workforce. Management is forced to look at this aging population in a multitude

Example of an Essay about Money Issues in the US Economy

The American economy is an important issue for all students. This area affects all disciplines and people as the economy influences areas such as employment, funding, investments and the general well-being of the country. Students must gain an understanding of economic trends, and writing about it is one excellent way to better understand. At some point throughout their time in university, it’s likely that students will be asked to write about the economy. Below is an example of an essay about the current troubles in the US economy. Interesting Economic Trends May Indicate Slowing Economy Although in some ways things were looking up for the American economy at the start of 2016, with low unemployment rates of 5% and gas prices also consumer-friendly, an inexplicable trend of low consumer spending has had economists concerned. A number of factors showing very mixed predictors of the economic future of the country. Through this information, it’s clear that policy makers will have an important role to play in the coming months. Now that we’ve reached the third month of the year, consumer spending has increased, although very slightly. Some economists see this as the sign that the economy although not booming, is strong and plugging away. Consumers have been slower to return to spending as they’re still recovering from losses, and choosing to play it safe by saving more. This seems to indicate that consumers are now slowly making their way back to the cash register. Despite this more cheery news, the most recent analysis by economists is mixed. Many economists see the world environment as a troubling one. With the strong dollar and suffering worldwide economies, exports aren’t being sold. Another sign that the economy is at the best slow and at worst likely to experience a recession is the freight and truck transport numbers. These figures show the pulse of the economy by giving an indicator of the level of economic activity. Declining levels of freight and truck transports have been associated with recessions. This news is accompanied by other reports that manufacturing has stalled due to low demands for highly priced American made goods overseas. This is due to the strong dollar. Finally, some of the biggest and strongest companies in the country are making less money. Profits are down for companies such as Apple, who claims that their sales for iPhones are declining for the first time in 13 years. A clear analysis of all of these factors hasn’t been made by economists, however it seems clear that policy makers have an important role to play. The recent stimulus package in 2010 hasn’t had as much of an effect on the economy as would be hoped and government spending is now lower than when the recession began. The government action, particularly of the Federal Reserve, is a key factor for emerging from the recession. While no one can tell the future, careful policies could help turn things in a more positive direction. References Statista. (2015).  Employment rate in the United States from 1990 to 2014. [online] Available at: http://www.statista.com/statistics/192398/employment-rate-in-the-us-since-1990 Buttonwood. Feb, 2016. The Trucks and Trains Test; Barely Rolling Along. The Economist. Available at: http://www.economist.com/blogs/buttonwood/2016/02/american-economy Gillepsie, Patrick. Feb 1, 2016. Will Americas economy get dragged into recession? CNN Money. Available at: http://money.cnn.com/2016/02/01/news/economy/american-economy-manufacturing-consumer-recession/ Helmore, Edward. US economic slowdown may be less severe than previously thought The Guardian. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/feb/26/us-economy-slowdown-gdp-less-severe-than-previously-thought Gillepsie, Patrick. January 29, 2016. Cracks in Americas economy are growing. CNN Money. Available at: http://money.cnn.com/2016/01/28/news/economy/cracks-in-the-us-economy/ Torry, H. Feb 26, 2016. US Economy Starting 2016 On Solid Footing. Wall Street Journal. Available at: http://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-growth-revised-higher-in-fourth-quarter-1456493673

The Marketing Game - 962 Words

1.0 Introduction This report is based on level 1 and level 2 which are about the Marketing Game before had been written. In Level 3, it appears that it should be feasible to develop a product which we will call a digital vocal communicator(DVC) (Charlotte H. Mason .William D. Perreault, Jr.2009). As with a standard of VRD, it would interpret spoken language commands. A DVC is small enough to be worn as a watch or as a lapel pin(Charlotte H. Mason.William D. Perreault, Jr.2009). In this report we will mainly talk on the 4P of the marketing mix, which are customer mix,price mix,promotion mix and product mix. Beside these also explain the distribution mix, the current and future strategy objectives. The reason we chose a marketing mix is†¦show more content†¦Next are the high-tech managers. Such consumer groups like DVC products mainly because they tend to these products are better able to help them to complete the work of the office, and to more than some of the more specialized creativity. T he analysis of this group because of their high expectations for new products, and they spend a lot of reasons with the money when they think to be able to prove that this innovative product to meet the need. The lastly is the harried assistants. DVC products such groups that can help them better organization and completion of tasks, and can therefore allow them to have a sense of responsibility for the completion of work mo. Select the main reason for such groups is their dependence on DVC products, products that can help them save time and be able to better organization in the least time and accomplish the work of such consumers is a big buying groups. The customer service budget is $ 100,000. Therefore, the selection of the target group is very important, in the Level 3, the main choice is as the object of the investigation. The higher of the proportion accounted for by such groups in the first and second stages of market development prospects, which is because for the development of new products process. The emergence of new groups will inevitably drive the market forward, to focus on market research, demand at the same time can be appropriate to adjust the customer service budget, increase marketShow MoreRelatedThe Marketing Game1556 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary The MARKETING GAME has taught me and given myself an abstract experience on how a marketing manager would perform in a company selling a voice recognition device and able to use an virtual program that calculates and generates financial reports. Besides that, I got to learn how to analyze and selecting target markets and implementing the marketing mix, which were 4 segments, wholesale of $120, using indirect competitive advertising and indirect distribution which isRead MoreMarketing Australia for the Commonwealth Games1576 Words   |  6 PagesAs a part of the marketing team for the commonwealth games hosted in Glasgow in 2014, I have decided to market in Australia. I have chosen Australia, on account of them winning the event 11 times. Personally, I think they will have a larger a fan base due to the fact they are favourites of winning the event once again. Another reason to why I chose Australia is by virtue of them having a longstanding relationship with Scotland. In 2011 a census was carried out and 103,204 citizens where ScottishRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of A Marketing Game Through SE-Joyce1009 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing Game through SEO There are many Dublin SEO service providers that help businesses market their products on the current and potential clients using websites. The current business world is becoming digitized at a high rate. People are using technologies to market their products and services. Many game dealers and manufactures are using Search engine optimization to market their games.SEO is a marketing strategy used to make a website become more visible on search engine by making the websiteRead MoreVideo Game Consoles - Marketing2769 Words   |  12 PagesVideo Game Consoles Video Game Consoles Video Game Consoles Name | Varun Punjabi | Class | PGDM - Communications | Subject | Marketing Management | Roll No | 39 | Scope: The Indian video games sector in 2011 was driven by the urban middle class/upper-middle class population, who adopted both static and handheld games. Rising income levels, increased availability of international brands such as Sony PlayStation 3, Nintendo Wii and Microsoft Xbox 360 as well as growth in retailRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Video Game Industry Essay1302 Words   |  6 Pagesa powerhouse in the video game industry they have built their brand in the video game industry as one of the most successful innovative companies. In 1995, when Sony launched their PlayStation console it was one of the first to offer a thirty-two bit three dimension graphic. By 2005 it was the highest selling video console of all time. The PlayStation was followed by the PlayStation 2 which was created in 2000. The PlayStation 2 offered customers newly developed games, advanced graphical and processingRead MoreGame Changing Bar Marketing Ideas1414 Words   |  6 PagesGame-Changing Bar Marketing Ideas Your bar might be called a tavern, lounge, gastropub, nightclub, ginmill, dive or other synonym for a place that serves alcohol. Regardless of name, your bar is a place where people gather to socialize, drink, dance and even find romance. Unfortunately, the classic bar now competes with upscale hotel lounges, raves, restaurants, pop-up nightclubs and privately hosted parties. If you want to attract, engage and keep customers today, change the way you advertise andRead MoreMarketing Game Introduction, Swot And Swot2326 Words   |  10 PagesWeek 2: Marketing Game Introduction, PESTEL SWOT Personal Unlike the accounting courses, a simulation marketing game brings some fresh air into my study life. The game looks interesting that it asks us to sell backpacks to different groups of customers. To be honest, I do not have a clear view about marketing, there is not much information relating to marketing in accounting study which I have complete. The basic idea is that this is a subject of how to sell products. The 3D version of game is whatRead MoreMarketing And Competitive Analysis Of London Sports Games1490 Words   |  6 Pagesfurther running the economy. As the majority of students do not have a lot of disposable income, the free admission for students will be a huge competitive advantage. SOCIAL: Attending sports games is a very social activity that people tend to do in groups rather than alone, this is very beneficial to our marketing campaign as for every person we market too, a small group finds out about the event. By increasing attendance, we are generating a social hub which will be appealing for people consideringRead MoreMarketing Strategy : Developing A Mobile Games Platform1828 Words   |  8 PagesMobitelea Games (MG) is developing a mobile games platform that will relate to current affairs among others themes. Our marketing strategy will illustrate how the target market segments will be exploited into getting customers as well as creating a guaranteed revenue stream. This is because our company will not follow the traditional path followed by those in the industry but will do things differently in its bid to be competitive. Primarily, the company will focus on creation of a unique game experienceRead MoreMarketing: Video Game Console and Shoppers Stop4063 Words   |  17 PagesAnswer Paper Marketing Management Section A: Objective Type Part one: Multiple choices: 1.It is a concept where goods are produced without taking into consideration the choices or tastes of customers Ans) Production concept 2. It involves individuals who buys products or services for personal use and not for manufacture or resale Ans) Consumer 3. It is the groups of people who interact formally or informally influencing each other’s attitudesamp; behavior Ans) Reference groups 4

Mexico - 2534 Words

War on Drugs in Mexico In Monterrey, Mexico lives Sister Consuela Martinez, a nun, and one of the few people not afraid to speak up against the violence caused by the drug cartels. Fourteen years ago, she came home to find cats on her front porch, all with slit throats, and a little message saying that she would be next. But surprisingly, she is still well and alive today. Most people who speak against the cartels do not live long. When issues are brought to public eye, cartels tend to lose profit. With publicity comes less freedom to conduct business in their own manner, so the cartels cut out the source (LA times). Beheadings and kidnappings are popular, and over the past 5 years over 48,000 people were killed, and roughly 5,000 people†¦show more content†¦Along with Sister Martinez, measures can be taken to help yield the oncoming drug trades. President Felipe Calderà ³n has been doing a lot in the effort to help save Mexico, and promises to leave Mexico with a sturdy police force when he leav es his office this year. Along with removing corrupt officers and officials and hiring decorated officers who have caught kingpins before, he sent out troops to settle disputes between competing cartels (Time). Over 20,000 troops were sent out in order to fight cartels, and slow them down. Extradition is commonly used, but not matter what tactic is used the cartels usually respond with violence and killing (fas.org). With all the efforts made to stop the war and trade of drugs in Mexico, the power of the cartels is still ever-growing. Only rarely is a story heard were someone other than the cartel comes up victorious, such as the case of sister Martinez. But unlike sister Martinez, many other peace activists find themselves out of luck. Violent murders and kidnappings are common, and people live in fear when police officers can no longer be trusted. Despite their best efforts, the Mexican Government has not yet put a stop to all this crime, but has been taking large steps in the recent times. Advocacy/Argument Project Due to the Mexican drug trade and Drug cartels, many problems have been occurring in Mexico and the U.S., and more must be done to stop this issue. Before the 1980’s there was trade ofShow MoreRelatedThe Country Of Mexico : Mexico City1504 Words   |  7 PagesMexico is known for its diversity, its beautiful people, its colorful culture, its history and famous landmarks. It is home to over 119 million people and growing, making it the most populated Spanish speaking country in the world. The Country of Mexico is made up of 31 states and 1 Federal District. Although it is so populated, it only has one metropolis: Mexico City. Mexico City is the most populated city in all of Mexico. The most highly dense populated cities in Mexico will mostly be foundRead More Mexico Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pages Mexico is bordered by the United States on the north, the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea on the east, and Guatemala and Belize on the south. It is characterized by an extraordinary diversity in topography and climate and is crossed by two major mountain chains, the Sierra Madre Occidental and the Sierra Madre Oriental. The high central plateau between these two mountain ranges historically funneled most of the human population toward the center of this regionRead MoreRelationship Between Mexico And Mexico1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe relationship of the United States and Mexico goes back centuries and the importance of this relationship has gained more attention over the last decade. This relationship has gained attention due to the enormous amount of problems Mexico is having economically and socially. Specifically, the relationship with Mexico is important to the safety of our nation and U.S. self-interest because of the issues with drug trafficking, gang violence, and immigration. These influences on our country are vitalRead MoreMexico : Physical Geography : Mexico1556 Words   |  7 PagesMexico Physical Geography: Mexico is a famous country which is located in the southern part of North America. I went to Cancun in spring 2012. It was an amazing trip. I really enjoyed the nature there. Most of Mexico s land is covered by mountains, with only about a third of the land being flat. Moreover, there are five main areas in Mexico. The first one is The Central Plateau which is located just south of The United States. It increases in altitude from the north to south from more thanRead MoreThe Annexation of Mexico2782 Words   |  12 Pagesdiscussion. The annexation of Mexico would face both of these predicaments, but the necessity for prosperity and stability outweighs the parasite’s wants and desires. Bringing forth Mexico into the union would only benefit the new country both globally and locally. Mexico has too much to offer to ignore the positive consequences that unification brings forth. Endless possibilities for change for the people, brings about change for the future. Since Mexico and America have been noticedRead MoreMexico City Is The Capital Of Mexico Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesMexico †¢ Mexico City is the capital of Mexico. †¢ Total population of Mexico is 129,034,512 †¢ Catholic Christianity is the religion of people of Mexico †¢ There are two main seasons in Mexico i.e. Rainy during May-October and dry during the rest of the year. †¢ Mexico is a country in the Americas. It is located in the southern part of north America. B) Capital: Mexico City The Capital of Mexico of Mexico City. It became independent on 24th February, 1821. It is the largest city of Western HemisphereRead MoreIntroduction to Mexico10481 Words   |  42 Pagespurpose of this paper is to evaluate Mexico and the possibility of internationalization. In order to make an informed decision about such a country, the benefits, costs and risks of the venture must be considered. In this paper, we will analyze Mexico s economy, political structure, culture and management techniques. By examining these factors an American firm should be able to make a decision based on Mexico and the type of business considering a move into Mexico. This paper will show that a companyRead MoreTopshop in Mexico5565 Words   |  23 Pages| Contents Page 1. Executive Summary 4 2. Introduction 5 3. Findings 6 3.1 An Analysis of Mexico 6 3.2 Topshop Market Entry into Mexico 7 3.3 The Target and Positioning Strategies 8 4. The Marketing Mix 9 4. 1 Product 9 4.2 Place amp; Distribution 10 4.3 Pricing 12 4.4 Promotion 13 5. Conclusion 14 6. Appendices 15 7. Bibliography 19 1. Executive Summary This report is to investigateRead MorePestle of Mexico4395 Words   |  18 PagesPESTEL analysis Mexico: POLITICAL : While Mexico has been a formal democracy since Independence, in reality the nation has been plagued by essentially a series of caudillos, representatives of local and regional power arrangements that have been successful at reaching national levels. Politics are still corrupt and scandal-ridden, with parties often focused more on individuals than on programmes for action. And while progress has been made, the Mexican state is still far from comfortable withRead MoreHistory And Geography Of Mexico851 Words   |  4 Pagesovertime. And when we look at Mexico and the culture it holds, we see this to be true. Mexico is located in North America bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the United States, (â€Å"Mexico†). It also borders the North Pacific Ocean between Guatemala and the United States, as well, (â€Å"Mexico†). Which makes the national territory more 750,000 square miles, (â€Å"Culture of Mexico†). It makes Mexico slightly less than three times the size of Texas. (â€Å"Mexico†). Due to its large size

GST on Solar Panel Batteries †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the GST on Solar Panel Batteries. Answer: Introduction: The impact of lowering the Goods and Services Tax (GST) levy on batteries from 28% to 5% on battery market in India has both negative and positive implications. After the Goods and Services Tax Council had declared that the GST levy on batteries would be lowered an impact such as a four percent marginal increase in the cost of solar power projects on account of putting the item applicable under taxation, was declared by consulting firm Bridge to India (BTI) (Miller,2012). The tax rate of five percent on solar panel batteries would essentially mean that lowering the GST levy on solar panel batteries would not affect this flourishing and prospering industry. This is a legitimate fear on the part of the solar industry because so far they had been under tax exemption. A GST levy of 28% indicated that there would probably be a calculated rise in overall project cost by about 12% comprising of an increased module cost by 5%, approximate 12% in inverter cost and 3% to 5% in all maintenance costs. It had also been said that this new increased rate would strike more than ten gigawatt of ongoing scale of utility of solar power projects thereby imposing a threat on their viability (Miller,2012). Another major implication is that Indian solar developers depend largely upon import. However with lowering of the GST levy on batteries, the cascading effect has been eliminated allowing them to compete with the international firms (Sen et al., 2016). The amount depreciable on solar panels has also decreased from 80% to 40%, as per finance bill 2016 (Raj, 2017). In the picture above it can be observed the goods and services covered under different tax slabs of the Goods and Services tax module (Raj, 2017). The impact of lowering GST on batteries on Electric Vehicle (EV) market in India is that there have been more positive implications than the negative ones. This is because of the concept of one nation one tax. Previously different states in India used to fall under different tax slabs, as a result this used to impose a cascading effect on the business as a whole but introduction of a uniform tax throughout the nation gives each and every dealer a fair chance to excel. Although there have been concerns as to how to increase the acceptability of the electric vehicles for the Indian customers, lowering the GST levy will definitely inspire the customer base in India to use electric cars more frequently (Roy, Motiani Dewani, 2014). In the above picture as it can be observed, the highest tax reduction has occurred in the case of electric cars thus creating more demand among consumers for electric cars. However putting the electric vehicle industry under 12 percent tax head may prove to be harmful for this industry. This is because states like Rajasthan Uttarakhand are liable to pay zero percent VAT on Electric Vehicles but now due to tagging 12 percent GST on this industry a negative impact on sales as the entire cost of production will go up by 12%. Some of the recommendations regarding this matter are that the tax slab for electric vehicles should have started from zero percent in order to give the electric vehicle market a good boost. The impact of lowering Goods and Services Tax the impact of lowering the GST on batteries from 28% to 5% on petrol vehicle market in India is that there would not be any significant impact on the market as the tax rate will remain more or less same, altogether. According to the information in the picture, it can be observed that, excluding the midsize cars, there has been hardly any change in the tax slab after introduction of Goods and Services Tax. GST has almost paved the way for a flourishing petrol vehicle market in India. It has provided the much needed push to the market. For an instance the well known automobile company Mercedes, has lowered the price of their high end models by seven lakh and has also established a price drop of four percent on average. According to some of the industry experts lowering the GST levy will also lead to surplus investments both on the part of the dealer network and the origin companies. This will lead to more demand for manpower and will generate intra-levels employments both from the dealers and the manufacturers. GST as a tax rate structure may as well change the entire pattern of the car market which was until now dominated by hatchbacks. Now with the levy on GST, more buyers will become interested in mid-size sedans and SUVs. The proposal of lowering GST on batteries by solar energy storage manufacturers does definitely help the governments push towards reaching a 100 per cent Electric Vehicle (EV) nation by 2030 (Shekhawat et al., 2013). A lowering of Goods and Services Tax has definitely motivated the manufacturers and dealers of electric vehicles to further improve their product and execute extensive marketing policies in order to make the products more accessible and lucrative. The GST rate of other vehicles have either increased or decreased by a minimal level, thus providing the electric vehicle market further scope to excel. However some experts are of the opinion that for the first three or four years, the government could have declared a full waiving off of taxes on electric vehicles in order to provide some experience to the producers as well as consumers. It would also have been helpful as India still aspires to gain expertise in this market. Although the government has decided to balance tax r evenue collection but a short-term relief would have been great. The Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Power, Coal, New Renewable Energy should consider the proposal of hundred percent electric vehicle nation by 2030 because with the rising level of pollution due to vehicular emissions has reached threatening levels and should be curbed as soon as possible (Lutsey, 2015). India being on the threshold of development, in a short span of time is adapting to the fast paced lifestyle, thus the usage of private vehicle is increasing day by day. Therefore the substitution of petrol or diesel based vehicles with electric ones is a much valid proposal and should be considered with utmost importance. To understand in a better the picture below, may be considered. References Lutsey, N. (2015). Global climate change mitigation potential from a transition to electric vehicles. Miller, D. (2012). Selling solar: the diffusion of renewable energy in emerging markets. Routledge. Raj, R. (2017). Goods and Services Tax in India. Roy, P., Motiani, M., Dewani, P. P. (2014). Are we set for Electric Cars? Questioning the Environmental Readiness of India. Sen, S., Ganguly, S., Das, A., Sen, J., Dey, S. (2016). Renewable energy scenario in India: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 122, 25-31. Shekhawat, V., Saini, A. K., Roy, H., Jayaraj, R. (2013). A Block Rateapproach to fuel pricing policy for Urban Traffic congestion reduction in India. IBA JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP, 5(1), 7.

Australia Market Structures Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition

Question: Discuss about theAustralias Market Structuresfor Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition. Answer: Introduction Every industry in Australia has a prevailing market structure under which it operates. Typically, market structure refers to the specific social organization that exists between the buyers and sellers of a particular market. Various features characterize a market structure. This includes the degree of buyer concentration, the degree of seller concentration, the barriers to entry and the level of product differentiation. All these factors determine the type of market structure in a particular industry. There are various types of market structures Australia. The most common structures include perfect competition, oligopoly, monopoly and monopolistic competition. The number of firms in a particular market affects the output size and price decisions and determines the degree of competitions in that market. Similarly, the extent of product differentiation affects the extent to which single firms can raise or reduce their prices without affecting their sales. Furthermore, the cost of information determines the opportunities available for pricing policies and quality distinctions within businesses in the market (Krugman Obstenfeld 2006). Additionally, the barriers to entry to a particular market determine whether or not firms will reap economic profits in the long run. For this reason, it is crucial for every firm to understand the market structure of the industry in which it operates. Monopolists in Australia Amonopolistic market structure is one in which a single seller dominates the entire market. As such, there is only one producer of that particular product in the market. Therefore, the goods provided the monopolist has no close substitutes. By and large, this market structure is characterized by high barriers to entry. The most common barriers include technological barriers and high capital investment requirements (Irvine 2010). It is noteworthy that monopolists are price makers and fix the prices for their products. For this reason, they determine the quantity they produce to maximize their profits. The Australian Post is an excellent example of a monopolistic firm. As such, the company provides retail and financial travel services to the entire Australian population. It is the key firm in the postal service industry. The company is a government-owned corporation owned by the Commonwealth of Australia (Durie 2010). The company is well known for its horrendous service standards. Due to lack of direct competition, the firm periodically increases its prices, yet their services keep spiraling. As such, they increase their price levels without reciprocating in terms of quality services (Doherty 2010). The firm has a big market share and power in the industry, and most parcel and courier deliverers are only subcontractors. By and large, the Australian is a perfect depiction of the inefficiency associated with monopolists (Australia Post 2016). Oligopolies in Australia An oligopolistic market is one in which a few large firms dominate a particular market. The number is sufficiently small so that the actions of one firm affects the rival firms too. As such, the reaction function of firms in the market are interdependent, and the policy action chosen by one seller affects the actions of other competitors. For this reason, firms tend to collude in the market to set higher prices in the market. They also collude to create barriers and block the entry of new firms into the market. Notably, the collusion of firms in the market may lead to the creation of cartels that control output and prices. Typically, oligopolies compete on non-price factors such as warranties and advertising. There is also imperfect information between the buyers and sellers in this market structure (Khan 2016). The Australian gas markets is an example of an oligopolistic market structure. Today, there are three major suppliers in the eastern Australian gas markets. These firms account for more than 95 percent of the gas supply in the region. Particularly, BHP Billiton accounts for 38 percent while ExxonMobil provides approximately 41 percent (Stevens 2016). The market remains highly concentrated on the supply side, and there is limited competition in the market. There are also numerous official barriers to the free flow of natural gas across the state borders. This limits competition. Often, the two firms collude to set prices and release output that maximizes their profits. Monopolistic Competition This market structure is composed of a large number of firms and buyers who sell heterogeneous products. Essentially, this market structure combines the elements of a monopoly and perfectly competitive markets. The number of sellers in the market is large enough to create competitive conditions, but the differentiation of the products ensures that the goods are not perfect substitutes. Therefore, the firms have some form of monopolistic market power. In this regard, firms set their own prices. There is free entry and exit into the market for both buyers and sellers. Regardless, there exists imperfect information between the buyers and sellers caused by price differentiation and product quality. The hairdressing service industry is a classic example of a monopolistic competition market in Australia. Normally, each hairdresser sells a slightly differentiated product to their customers. Each hairdresser possesses a somewhat unique and differentiated set of skill and therefore offers slightly differentiated services to all their customers. Besides, there are many hairdressers in Australia and each face a downward sloping demand curve (Hairdressing 2016). Primarily, increasing the price for their services may cause the hairdresser to lose their clients. However, this is not necessarily the case where customers are loyal based on the quality of services rendered by their hairdresser. As such, some customers may attach value to the services of a particular hairdresser and therefore regard them as being more superior and therefore willing to pay more for the service. Conclusion By and large, the market structure is an important aspect of every industry. It determines the relationship between buyers and sellers in the market. It also defines the actions of sellers in the market with regard to the action of their competitors. It determines whether the firm colludes with other firms or compete to establish their market power. The market structure also determines the degree of product differentiation and competition that exists within a market. In this regard, it is crucial for firms to define their market structure to forecast growth and create an appropriate marketing mix that best appeals to its customers. Reference List BBC News. (2013). Australia Post's half-yearly profit down 56%. [Online] Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/31580780 [Accessed 4 Dec. 2016]. Doherty, E. (2010). Australia Post wants to raise the cost of stamp by five cents. [Online] The Herald Sun. Available from: https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/australia-post-wants-to-raise-the-cost-of-stamp-by-five-cents/news-story/fd4d18f36227675cf72aada2a2357d81 [Accessed 4 Dec. 2016]. Durie, J. (2010). Australia Post expands into electronic applications. [Online] The Australian. 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