Friday, January 24, 2020

Hamlet †is there Spirituality? :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

  Ã‚   To what extent is spirituality woven into the fabric of Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet? This essay proposes to answer that question. David Bevington, in the Introduction of Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet, finds a very obvious spiritual dimension to the drama: According to popular Elizabethan belief, both Catholic and Protestant, spirits from the dead could indeed â€Å"assume a pleasing shape,† in order to abuse a person in Hamlet’s vulnerable frame of mind and so lead him to damnation.[. . .] Hamlet must face the ghost once again to explain why he â€Å"lets go by Th’ important acting of your dread command†; yet his purpose in confronting Gertrude with her weakness is the laudable one of returning her to at least an outward custom of virtue.[. . .] Hamlet has always believed that heavenly justice will prevail among men: â€Å"Foul deeds will rise, Though all the earth o’erwhelm them, to men’s eyes† (6).    The spiritual aspect of the play is made apparent in the second scene when Hamlet wears black to the courtly celebration in the room of state in the castle of Elsinore. His motves for this are spiritual in nature. The first soliloquy, or â€Å"act of talking to oneself, whether silently or aloud† (Abrams 289), occurs when the hero is left alone after the royal social gathering. He is dejected by the â€Å"o’erhasty marriage† of his mother to his uncle less than two months after the funeral of Hamlet’s father (Gordon 128). His first soliloquy emphasizes two religious/moral themes: the corruption of the world at large, and the frailty of women – an obvious reference to his mother’s hasty and incestuous marriage:    O, that this too too solid flesh would melt   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thaw and resolve itself into a dew!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Or that the Everlasting had not fix'd   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   His canon 'gainst self-slaughter! O God! God!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Seem to me all the uses of this world!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fie on't! ah fie! 'tis an unweeded garden,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Possess it merely. That it should come to this!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But two months dead: nay, not so much, not two:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So excellent a king; that was, to this,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That he might not beteem the winds of heaven   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Visit her face too roughly. Hamlet – is there Spirituality? :: GCSE English Literature Coursework   Ã‚   To what extent is spirituality woven into the fabric of Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet? This essay proposes to answer that question. David Bevington, in the Introduction of Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet, finds a very obvious spiritual dimension to the drama: According to popular Elizabethan belief, both Catholic and Protestant, spirits from the dead could indeed â€Å"assume a pleasing shape,† in order to abuse a person in Hamlet’s vulnerable frame of mind and so lead him to damnation.[. . .] Hamlet must face the ghost once again to explain why he â€Å"lets go by Th’ important acting of your dread command†; yet his purpose in confronting Gertrude with her weakness is the laudable one of returning her to at least an outward custom of virtue.[. . .] Hamlet has always believed that heavenly justice will prevail among men: â€Å"Foul deeds will rise, Though all the earth o’erwhelm them, to men’s eyes† (6).    The spiritual aspect of the play is made apparent in the second scene when Hamlet wears black to the courtly celebration in the room of state in the castle of Elsinore. His motves for this are spiritual in nature. The first soliloquy, or â€Å"act of talking to oneself, whether silently or aloud† (Abrams 289), occurs when the hero is left alone after the royal social gathering. He is dejected by the â€Å"o’erhasty marriage† of his mother to his uncle less than two months after the funeral of Hamlet’s father (Gordon 128). His first soliloquy emphasizes two religious/moral themes: the corruption of the world at large, and the frailty of women – an obvious reference to his mother’s hasty and incestuous marriage:    O, that this too too solid flesh would melt   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thaw and resolve itself into a dew!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Or that the Everlasting had not fix'd   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   His canon 'gainst self-slaughter! O God! God!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Seem to me all the uses of this world!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fie on't! ah fie! 'tis an unweeded garden,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Possess it merely. That it should come to this!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But two months dead: nay, not so much, not two:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So excellent a king; that was, to this,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That he might not beteem the winds of heaven   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Visit her face too roughly.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

My School

School is a temple of learning and a training ground for future citizens. The name of my school is JB High School. It was set up in 1943 by a land-lord in our area. He donated land and money for the school. The atmosphere in which our school is situated is very pleasant. It is surrounded by a play ground on one side and a garden with a small pond on the other. The school has two rows of big buildings. The name of the school is written on the front building. There are ten class rooms in the front building. Other ten rooms in the back building are used for different purposes such as the Head Master's Office, Library, the Clerk's Office, the Science Laboratory, the Teachers' Common-room, the N. C. C. and Scout Room, etc. There is also a hostel in our school campus. There are twenty teachers, a PET, a librarian, a clerk and two peons in our school. All the teachers are qualified and experienced. The Head Master is a learned man. He teaches Science and Geography. He also teaches English. The total number of students of our school is about five hundred. We go to school in uniform. The uniform for boys consists of blue half-pant and white half shirt. For girls it consists of blue skirt and white blouse. The school functions from 10. 30 A. M. to 4 P. M. classes begin after a mass prayer. During the recess hour we go to play ground. Some students also go to library and read newspaper there. In games period we play football, volley ball, etc. Girl students play ring ball too. The library of our school is a big one. There are about two thousand books on different subjects; we have a library period in our weekly routine. We borrow books from our library and refund them after a week. We observe the Republic Day, the Independence Day, the Teacher's Day in our school. We also celebrate the Ganesh Puja and the Saraswati Puja in our school. We also hold debate competitions and games and sports every year. The school magazine named â€Å"the Shree† is published every year. In annual examinations the students from our school show brilliant performance. Many students from this school have occupied glorious position in our state. The District Science Exhibition is also held in our school. Two years ago a classical teacher from our school won the Governor's Award. The discipline, the study atmosphere and the brilliant academic result of our school attract many meritorious students from distant parts of our state. It is an ideal school in all respects.

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

Solar Power Plentiful And Clean Essay - 1500 Words

Solar power: Plentiful and clean Ahn Pruitt Keiser University Abstract Explained within is the ways Earth can be changed from using fossil fuel based energies to a cleaner more environmentally friendly source of power. Solar power will benefit many different areas of human life from helping reduce the amount of greenhouse gases being produced daily, as well as how it is slowly becoming more cost-effective to be used as the cost to locate and find fossil fuels continues to rise. Solar energy may even expand the job market, to employ people to help maintain the systems. Solar power: Plentiful and clean Imagine a world where the power plants are not producing any kind of toxic wastes. A world where cars do not run out of gas. The fuels people use right now are eventually going to run out. However, there is one source that will remain long after current generations of people have left this planet. The sun, if it was not for the sun nothing on this planet would be here. Human, animal, and plant life depend on the Sun for food, light, and warmth. Everything on this planet benefits from this burning ball of gas that planet Earth travels around. Plants, animals, and weather it affects all in one way or another. The sun lights the moon, so even at night it provides Earth with some form of light. Solar Energy is the cleanest form of energy that humans could harness and use to power the modern world, as more solar systems are produced costs would begin to decrease, and the benefit toShow MoreRelatedEnergy1130 Words   |  5 PagesElectricity is produced by converting energy from one form t o electricity. The process used may be a direct conversion process, where the energy source is converted directly to electricity. An example of this is solar photovoltaic cells, which converts the energy found in solar radiation directly to electricity. An indirect conversion process consists of converting energy from one form, to an intermediate form, to electricity. Coal-fired generating plants are an example of the indirect process, asRead MoreThe Environmental Sustainability Of The Solar Power865 Words   |  4 Pagesresponse to stakeholder concerns. Popular sources of renewable energy for large corporations include solar panels, hydroelectricity, and wind turbines. Leading corporations, such as Microsoft, Apple, and Amazon, have integrated multiple renewable energy sources into their infrastructures, paving the way for smaller start-up technology companies to adopt similar principles of sustainability. Solar Power Microsoft, a $69.3 billion dollar technology company, prides itself on its carbon neutrality and itsRead More solar energy Essay586 Words   |  3 Pages Solar Energy All life on Earth depends on energy from the sun. Solar energy is the source of energy for photosynthesis. It provides the warmth necessary for plants and animals to survive. Scientists have found a way to use God’s natural light towards the advantage of our daily lives. The affects of this idea revolutionary, results of solar power could lead to a more modernized society and efficient economy. Solar energy is a term that usually means the direct use of sunlight to produceRead MoreSolar Energy : Renewable Energy Source1077 Words   |  5 PagesLexie Phongthai-Yochum Mr. Alexander May 3, 2016 Solar Energy Solar energy is the most plentiful and purist renewable energy source available. Because it is completely natural, it is considered to be a clean energy source. It does not disrupt the environment or threaten the Eco-systems the way oil and some other energy sources tend to. Nor does it cause greenhouse gases, air or water pollution. Solar energy is an immensely important aspect of life and has been since the beginning of time. IncreasinglyRead MoreHow Can Alternative Sources Of Energy Be Harnessed Effectively?866 Words   |  4 Pagesover-dependency of importing . Wind power and Solar power are becoming two of the main new sources of energy which are drawing attention from public . There are some advantages and disadvantages of solar power and wind power in China . On the one hand , there are mounting evidences that illustrate the benefit of wind power and solar power . Initially , wind power develops fastest all over the world and is one of the easiest technological power . As wind power is a clean source of energy , China isRead MoreConverting Energy Essay824 Words   |  4 Pagestubes, microphones and even the human ear. Many kinds of energy are used to do a wide variety of physical work. Radiant energy such as solar power takes energy from the sun and can transfer it into thermal energy to warm up someone’s body. Or it can convert into electrical energy to power a home. Batteries go from chemical energy into electrical energy that can power up toys, electronics, watches, and even cars. And even potential energy, the energy stored in everything when at rest can be transformedRead MoreRenewable Energy And Solar Energy Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pages Only a small fraction of the sun’s power output strikes the Earth, but even that provides 10,000 times as much as all the commercial energy that humans use on the planet† (Make Solar Energy Economical). This is good evidence that investing in solar energy can be valuable because not only is it clean and renewable, but it is also plentiful. This makes solar energy better option then the use of fossil fuel, however there are a couple of challenges with solar energy that must first be overcome beforeRead MoreEssay Renewable Energy2858 Words   |  12 Pagessources of energy such as wind, solar, and hydrogen power need to be developed to help the world keep running on all cylinders. With the development of these new energy sources, our world would become a cleaner place and the energy crisis would straighten itself out. Global Energy: Facts and Figures Today, the world uses an astonishing amount of energy. Whether it is in the form of unleaded gas from the local filling station or electricity from the local coal power plant, the truth is most energyRead MoreEssay on The Negative Effects of Fossil Fuel Usage1417 Words   |  6 Pageswith Rachel Carson that earth, air, and water pollution is for the most part irrecoverable.  Ã‚   Some institutions working today to clean up the environment do help some, but as I see it they are not showing results.   There efforts are a feeble attempt because pollution levels keep rising and they could never keep up.   According to Hayes the former director of the Solar Research Institute under President Jimmy Carter of Earth Island Journal, â€Å"In 1993, President Clinton pledged to reduce US CO2 emissionsRead MoreFossil Fuels : The World s Primary Energy Source952 Words   |  4 Pagestechnologies such as Solar, Wind, Biomass, and Hydropower in order to lower its dependence on fossil fuels. Solar energy is a one of the alternative renewable sources that can help offset fossil fuel up. Setting up solar systems to collect energy can be installed pretty much anywhere, but will work best where is sunlight is plentiful. Solar energy be used in many ways, it can be used to power homes, buildings, and greenhouses. It can be used to heat water and can even be used in thermal power plants to heat

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Comparing Plato And Descartes The Matrix, The Allegory Of...

The short stories, written by both authors Plato and Descartes; The Matrix, The Allegory of the Cave, and Meditations on First Philosophy, focuses on what individuals believe to be reality or not within the world. The stories bring on questions of what is in fact illusion. Overall, the stories provide a guide to the truth. According to Wachowski, A, Wachowski, L (1999) in the Matrix, Mr. Anderson questions everything in the world as he knows it. He wonders if what he is involved in a computer program instead of the life as he knows it. The computer program could be controlling human beings, such as himself. Morpheus convinces Mr. Anderson that the world that he knows is an illusion and a system of deception (Wachowski, A, Wachowski, L,†¦show more content†¦Man undergoes stages and travels in a fairy tale like dream unknowingly of the living life (Wachowski, A, Wachowski, L, 1999). Plato and Descartes paint a picture of perception of the Earth that rises questions of what is real. The Matrix is much different than the other stories, because it shows humans are controlled by an unknown artificial intelligent figure. The figure deceives individuals to believe that they are actually living a productive normal life in the world (Wachowski, A, Wachowski, L, 1999). Furthermore, the story of Descartes is different than the other stories because it describes God and the creation of mankind. This story, shows God having control over the people, and their minds (Descartes, R., 1641). Overall, this story shows mankind not having control over the predestined of the early part of birth of life to the ending of death of life. This learner believes that the world and the existence of life can be proved to be real. After reviewing the literature from all three stories, it appears to have both physical and independent viewpoints of the world. It shows a world outside of the world that individuals were unaware of. The images of the world are produced by independent minds. Individuals learn that mankind has a soul, brain, and body. However, individuals can see the body parts, such as feet, hands, and legs. Individuals cannot prove or see the soul of mankind. Researchers, and scientist however, have study the body of humans and haveShow MoreRelatedComparing The Matrix With Readings From Plato And Descartes1023 Words   |  5 PagesComparing and contrasting The Matrix with readings from Plato and Descartes This essay will discuss The Matrix, from synopsis of the following; The Republic by Plato, depicting the famous cave allegory, and Meditations on First Philosophy by Descartes, offering doubt that some senses are accurate. By examining these two readings, and the movie, it will allow the author to show some comparisons, and to show how they are also different as this essay indicates the world is very real. Read MoreThe Matrix Essay899 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast The Matrix with the readings from Plato and Descartes. What are some similarities and differences? An Essay Submitted to Jason Elvis BY Williestine Harriel Liberty University online September 24, 2012 Compare and Contrast The Matrix with the readings from Plato and Descartes. What are some similarities and differences? After reading The Matrix, and reading from Plato and Descartes, I find that there are some similarities and differences

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Time talks with accent Free Essays

Writing a Summary In the article, â€Å"Time Talks, with an Accent’, author Robert Levine explores a cross cultural contrasts In the Idea of time, called ‘social time’. He discovers that this concept includes the components of waiting, rushing: being early or late: as well as the past, present and future. He chose to be a professor of social psychology so that he could manage his own time. We will write a custom essay sample on Time talks with accent or any similar topic only for you Order Now While teaching in Brazil, he discovers the concept of amanha, which signifies that everything that can be postponed, should be. He observes that not one clock in the city of Niteroi is accurate and students arriving to is class are casual about when class began and ended, which contrasts with how Americans relate to time. Levine has numerous mishaps with amanha during his stay. When he consults his department chair about the issue, she arrives late for their appointment. His students come and go to appointments without reason. Levine then tries to use what he has learned about amanha when his landlord runs late. Levine runs an errand and misses the appointment and angers the landlord for keeping him waiting. Levine concludes that the understanding of time concepts are part of larger, cultural values. He outlines the work of Edward Hall, a social anthropologist whose work focused on what he called the â€Å"the silent language† (30) of time, which is unspoken, yet easily learned by children. understanding this silent language is vital for the success ofa foreigner living abroad. Since his time in Brazil, Levine has focused on the concept of punctuality and its effects on the health of people and society. He has found great diversity in the concept of time, among cultures and within countries. How to cite Time talks with accent, Essays

Friday, December 6, 2019

Nursing Care Using Clinical Reasoning Cycle-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Health Care Industry. Answer: The health care industry is changing every day, with the newer and better advancements coming out every day, the potential of this industry have long surpassed the expectations of the human society. The number of diseases that used to be incurable once upon a time has a varied array of treatment options now. Apart from just the treatment options, revolutions has come in the diagnosis procedure, prognosis, and even in documentation. Today a properly documented care regime along with proper patient education and consent is a part of proper and legit health care procedure (Estes et al., 2015). However with all this advancements to the health care industry the health conditions of the society is deteriorating with a vengeance to outrun the advancements. Coronary heart diseases, kidney failures, respiratory diseases or digestive disorders, the adverse effects of the fast paced lifestyle have encompassed individuals of all age group. Gall bladder disorders that are the onset of many more complicated health related disorders have now become one of the most prevalent public health disorders in the current scenario. The number of adult population succumbing to these health concerns has worried the health care authorities worldwide (Estes et al., 2015). Gall bladder disorders have become one of the most prevalent lethal health disorders there is that has a vast majority of the society crippled. This essay will attempt to carve out a care plan for the gall bladder disorder of Mr kasim al-mutar case taking the aid of the elements of the clinical reasoning cycle. The most important part of the job of the nursing professional in the health care scenario is to ensure that the patient is in complete and optimal cared situation. As the patients in most cases are under the care of the nursing professionals it is their responsibility to make challenging clinical judgments for the patients. However in most cases the nursing professionals find themselves in the conundrum to make the logical decisions in the health care scenario that will be in the best interest of the patient and the health care scenario. However the innovations like the clinical reasoning cycle have made it easier for the nursing professionals to make clinically reasonable decisions that will ensure that the patient is optimally cared for (Levett-Jones Hoffman, 2013). Various studies have suggested that the need for health care at the moment has become the critical thinking and evaluation to ensure that the health care and treatment related judgments that have been taken are at com pliance with the health care standards along with being compatible with the particular needs of the patients. Clinical reasoning cycle has provides the opportunity to the health care professionals to achieve this goal by the means of a number of strategic step by step actions. A clinical reasoning cycle generally has a number of distinct steps that started with the healthy care professional to consider the condition of the patient, collect viable information from the patient, process and reflect at the information collected and the arrive a clinical judgment that will be compatible to the scenario (Levett-Jones Hoffman, 2013). The very first step to a clinical reasoning cycle is to consider the health situation that the patient is in. In this case the patient is a 49 year old male, who is suffering from acute pain the right upper quadrant. Along with that the patient is also suffering from nausea and fever which has rendered him very weak and irritated. The symptoms that the patient is experiencing are indicative of acute cholecystis (Gutt et al., 2013). Considering the demographic data for cholecystis it has to be mentioned that cholecystis is a common health care disorder in the adult population. Studies suggest that the risk of cholecystis increases with age and the lack of proper treatment can lead to other more complicated and fatal health concerns as well. Hence it can be stated that the health related complaint from Mr. Al-Mutar is common and expected considering his age and gender as the males are found to be more prone to this particular disease (McGillicuddy et al., 2012). The next element of the clinical reasoning cycle is where the health care professional is supposed to collect cues and information about the patient and the medical concern he represents. This phase is crucial in the clinical reasoning cycle in order to arrive at a reasonable clinical judgment and hence the nursing professional responsible for the patient must elicit all the information not just about the present signs and symptom that the patient is exhibiting but also consider the past medical history, lifestyle habits and dietary habits as well (Potter et al., 2013). Apart from that this step is incomplete without considering the vitals and metabolic rates of the patient as that informs the nursing professional about the present needs and requirements of the patient, and nursing handovers are crucially beneficial in this scenario. The handover information about the patient opted for this case scenario reveals that the patient has a heart rate of 126 beats per minute, and he had his blood pressure ranging around 100/45. The body temperature of the patient is feverish at 38.8 F and the patient had the last episode of vomiting two hours ago which has left him tired and weak. The pain that the patient had been experiencing in the right upper quadrant has been acute for him as he had scored the pain 7 out of 10 in the pain assessment scale. From the information that the patient handover is representing it can be stated that the patient is suffering from an acute cholecystis and is in need of a cholecystectomy (Riall et al., 2010). The next part of the clinical reasoning cycle is the evaluation and analysis of the information that has been accumulated and elicited from the patient, about his past and present medical history. This step provides the health care professional to reflect and establish the link between theory and practice and draw the most logical and clinically scientific prognosis for the patient and his medical concern (Riall et al., 2010). Here in this case scenario the patient is suffering from acute right upper quadrant pain, now abdominal pain can be due a number of health care concern. Diseases like pancreatitis, liver sclerosis, colitis, appendicitis, the primary symptom of all these health concerns are abdominal pain. However the patent under consideration for this assignment is experiencing a nausea and vomiting along with right upper quadrant pain which narrows down the prognosis, and represents cholecystis to be the most plausible diagnosis (Schmidt et al., 2011). In order to process the information more and arrive at a definite conclusion about why the patient is suffering from these symptoms, investigative health assessments need to be performed. The testing should initiate with competitive blood cell count test as a marker to check inflammation. As increased concentration of white blood cells and bilirubin hint at bile congestion in the gall bladder which is the marker for cholecystis. Xray radio imaging of the right upper quadrant is a more definite assessment method which can confirm the presence of inflammation or stones in the gall bladder which are confirmative markers of cholecystis (White et al., 2012). Cholecystis is considered to be a gall bladder inflammation which blocks the cystic duct, most often due to presence of gall stones, and blocks the digestive bile, imperative for digestion of fatty food items. In this disease the symptoms of pain and nausea, that the patient is going through is generally spiked after a heavy meal rich with oily and spicy food items, as that spikes the biliary colic production. The patient, considering his condition, will need a laparoscopic cholecystectomic surgery and will require the service of certified gastrointestinal specialist, nursing professionals, dietician and a community service worker. The care plan for the patient should focus on the relieving the pain of the patient through analgesia and antipyretics as well (White et al., 2012). The responsibility of the nursing professional, prior to the surgery is to minimize the vomiting urge and fever, and also educating the patient properly about his treatment plan. Post the surgery the patient w ill need to bring a few changes in his lifestyle and will also require following precautions to help him attain speedy recovery. The regular visits from community social service should be offered to ensure that the patient follows the post surgical guidelines (Yokoe et al., 2013). On a concluding note, it can be stated that cholecystis or gall bladder inflammations are considered to be a highly common health care concern among the adults and the risk factors rises with the increasing age. The deteriorating lifestyle habits of this generation are only adding more fuel to the myriad of medical complications that are prevalent. The health care industry needs to outsmart the increasing complication with its technology and care standard advancements. The innovations like clinical reasoning cycle can aid this process of improving health care to offer the best at all times to the patients. References: Estes, Calleja, Theobald, Harvey (2015).Health Assessment Physical Examination(2nd ed.). Australian New Zealand: Cengage Giger, J. N. (2014).Transcultural nursing: Assessment and intervention. Elsevier Health Sciences. Gutt, C. N., Encke, J., Kninger, J., Harnoss, J. C., Weigand, K., Kipfmller, K., ... Klar, E. (2013). Acute cholecystitis: early versus delayed cholecystectomy, a multicenter randomized trial (ACDC study, NCT00447304).Annals of surgery,258(3), 385-393. Levett-Jones, T. Hoffman, K. (2013). Clinical reasoning: What it is and why it matters. In: T. LevettJones (Ed.). Clinical Reasoning: Learning to think like a nurse. Frenchs Forest: Pearson McGillicuddy, E. A., Schuster, K. M., Barre, K., Suarez, L., Hall, M. R., Kaml, G. J., ... Longo, W. E. (2012). Non?operative management of acute cholecystitis in the elderly.British Journal of Surgery,99(9), 1254-1261. Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Stockert, P., Hall, A. (2013).Fundamentals of nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Riall, T. S., Zhang, D., Townsend, C. M., Kuo, Y. F., Goodwin, J. S. (2010). Failure to perform cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in elderly patients is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost.Journal of the American College of Surgeons,210(5), 668-677. Schmidt, M., Sndenaa, K., Vetrhus, M., Berhane, T., Eide, G. E. (2011). Long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of observation versus surgery for acute cholecystitis: non-operative management is an option in some patients.Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology,46(10), 1257-1262. White, L., Duncan, G., Baumle, W. (2012).Medical surgical nursing: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Yokoe, M., Takada, T., Strasberg, S. M., Solomkin, J. S., Mayumi, T., Gomi, H., ... Gabata, T. (2013). TG13 diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholecystitis (with videos).Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences,20(1), 35-46